金融服务术语的词汇表

401k

Defined contribution plan offered by an employer to its employees, 允许他们为退休而推迟收入. 一些雇主匹配员工的供款. Distribution of the funds before a certain specified age will trigger a penalty tax.

529储蓄计划

A 529储蓄计划 国家资助的项目是为了帮助父母和其他人资助孩子的大学费用吗. Subject to contribution limitations and investment guidelines. 任何人都可以投稿, 无论收入水平如何, and the money is generally invested in a portfolio of stocks, 债券或共同基金. Withdrawals are federal income tax free if used for qualified higher education expenses; withdrawals for non-educational purposes will trigger federal income taxes and a 10 percent tax penalty.

年利率(APR)

Percentage relationship of the total finance charge to the amount of the loan. 以年为单位反映按揭贷款的成本. 可能会比票据上的利率更高，因为它还包括贷款折扣点, 杂费及按揭pp王者电子官网.

年收益率(APY)

反映根据利率和机构的复利方法赚取的总利息, 假设资金每年在账户里存365天.

年金(固定)

一种 年金 w在这里 the insurance company credits the account with a guaranteed fixed rate of return, 保证本金.

延期年金

Allows for the accumulation of money over time on a tax-deferred basis, 与选择支付选项.

即时年金

允许将一笔钱转换成一系列有保证的付款，期限等于一个人的生命或特定年数的较大者.

资产

经济价值项目, 比如现金, 证券, 应收账款, 库存, 办公设备, 一所房子, 汽车或其它财产. On a balance sheet, assets are equal to the sum of liabilities and owner's equity.

资产类别

Type of investment, 比如股票, bonds, real estate or cash.

均衡投资策略

一种投资组合配置方法，旨在提供收入和资本增值，同时避免过度风险.

受益人

个人, 机构, 受托人或遗产接收, 或者可能有资格获得, 遗嘱下的利益, pp王者电子官网政策, 退休计划, 年金, 个人死亡后的信托或者其他合同.

债券

由政府或商业公司发行的期限通常超过五年的债务. Generally, a promise to repay the principal along with interest on a specified date. 通常是有担保的，并且在公司破产和资产分配时优先于股东.

存单(CD)

短期或中期, 计息, savings instrument that is 联邦存款pp王者电子官网公司的pp王者电子官网达到适用的限额. Offer higher rates of return than most other bank deposit products, in exchange for tying up invested money for the duration of the certificate's term. Money removed before maturity may be subject to an early withdrawal penalty. 低风险, 低回报的投资被称为定期存款，因为账户持有人已经同意将钱存在账户上一段特定的时间, 三个月到五年不等.

复利

通过将当期赚取的利息与本金相加，并根据该复利总额计算下一期的利息来确定.

科威达教育储蓄帐户(ESA)

Investment vehicle designed to help parents or others fund a child's education. 捐款是不能免税的, but distributions for qualified educational expenses aren't taxable. 一般来说，可以在家庭成员之间转移. Several restrictions: Entire account must be disbursed by the beneficiary's 30th birthday; withdrawals after this date or for expenses that are not qualified education expenses are subject to federal income taxes and a tax penalty.

托管账户

Account administered by one person or entity (custodian) for the benefit of another person, 通常在银行, 共同基金或经纪公司.

债务融资

Financing by selling bonds, bills or notes to individuals or 机构s.

多样化

投资组合策略，旨在通过组合各种不太可能具有相同波动性的投资来减少风险, 比如股票, 债券和房地产. 并非所有资产类别、行业或个别公司的价值都在同一时间或以相同的速度上下波动, 这可能会限制波动性. 多样化有助于减少上行和下行的潜力，并允许在广泛的经济条件下更一致的表现, but does not assure a profit or protect against loss in a declining market.

股权融资

通过向投资者出售所有权权益来融资.

房地产

个人的资产和负债.

遗产规划

Preparation of a plan of administration and disposition of one's estate using a will, 信托基金, 礼物, 委托书或其他交通工具.

房产pp王者电子官网

为房屋的损失或损坏提供pp王者电子官网, 通常是独户住宅, 这是大多数抵押贷款机构的要求. pp王者电子官网范围还包括被pp王者电子官网人个人财产(如家具)的损失或损坏, 衣物和其他物品，以及因人身伤害或他人财产损失而引起的个人责任.

通货膨胀

Overall general upward price movement of goods and services in an economy, usually as measured by the Consumer Price Index and the Producer Price Index. 随着时间的推移，商品和服务的成本增加, 一美元的价值下降是因为人们不能像以前那样用那美元买那么多东西.

个人退休帐户(IRA)

针对个人的延税退休账户，允许个人在每个纳税年度(由美国国税局每年确定)预留资金，也允许个人在每个纳税年度为50岁或以上的人预留额外的资金(金额由美国国税局每年确定)。, with earnings tax-deferred until withdrawals begin at age 59 1/2 or later (or earlier, 加上10%的罚款). 只有那些在工作中没有参加养老金计划的人，或者参加养老金计划并符合某些收入准则的人，才能向传统IRA提供可扣除的供款. 这些捐款可以从当年的收入中扣除，任何增长都会累积到基金提取之前的递延税. All others can make contributions to a 传统的爱尔兰共和军 on a non-deductible basis.

责任

法律义务、债务、索赔或潜在损失.

液体

易于兑换成现金.

人寿pp王者电子官网

人寿pp王者电子官网 是一个 与pp王者电子官网公司的合同. 作为pp王者电子官网费的交换, 合同规定，在被pp王者电子官网人死亡时，向指定的受益人支付规定的金额.

长期护理pp王者电子官网

一种pp王者电子官网产品，帮助支付通常不在健康pp王者电子官网范围内的长期护理费用, 医疗pp王者电子官网, 或医疗补助.

医疗补助计划

由联邦和州政府资助的项目，为符合条件的低收入成年人提供医疗pp王者电子官网, 孩子们, 残疾人士.

医疗pp王者电子官网

医疗pp王者电子官网 is the federal health insurance program for people who are 65 or older, 一些有残疾的年轻人, 以及终末期肾病患者.

货币市场帐户

储蓄账户, 联邦存款pp王者电子官网公司的pp王者电子官网达到适用的限额, 它提供了许多与支票账户相同的服务，尽管交易在某种程度上受到限制.

共同基金

把很多人的钱集中起来投资股票, 债券或其他资产, 被称为基金的投资组合. Investors own shares, which represent a part of these holdings. Market risk is involved when investing in mutual funds, 包括可能的本金损失.

资产净值

总资产减去总负债.

养老金

Post-retirement benefits an employee receives from an employer's 退休计划.

永久人寿pp王者电子官网

Provides continuing coverage for the insured's entire life, rather than a set number of years. May accrue values that the owner can withdraw or use to increase the death benefit.

人

在本术语表中使用, 自然人(人)或法人, 比如公司, 合伙或信托.

投资组合

Collection of investments owned by an individual or organization. 通常包括股票、债券和共同基金.

主要

Amount borrowed, or part of the amount borrowed, which remains unpaid, excluding interest. Also considered the original amount invested or deposited.

私人按揭pp王者电子官网(PMI)

pp王者电子官网 against loss by a lender in the event of default by a borrower (mortgagor). 由私人pp王者电子官网公司签发. The premium is paid by the borrower and included in the mortgage payment.

回报率

Annual rate of return on an investment, calculated as a percentage of the total amount invested.

租房者pp王者电子官网

Provides coverage to an individual living in a rented dwelling, 属于别人的公寓或其他地方. Coverage is provided for loss or damage to the insured's personal property such as furnishings, 衣物和其他物品，以及因人身伤害或他人财产损失而引起的个人责任.

展期

在特定时间内(60天)将资金从合格退休计划免税转移到个人退休账户或其他合格计划. Or, a movement of funds from one tax qualified account to another.

罗斯IRA

Type of IRA allowing taxpayers, subject to certain income limits, to 保存 for retirement. 捐款是不能免税的. 取款在一定条件下是免税的.

社会保障

根据联邦社会保障法和铁路退休法建立的残疾和退休计划.

股票

安全 signifying an ownership interest (equity) in a corporation, 并代表其在公司股息和净资产中的比例份额.

递延税项

将所得税推迟到较晚的日期. 递延税收的工具包括个人退休账户, 401 k计划, 基奥计划, 年金和员工持股计划.

定期人寿pp王者电子官网

Provides life insurance coverage for a set number of years of the insured's life. 通常，它不会产生任何现金价值.

国债

美国发行的可转让债务.S. 由政府发行，并有充分的信用支持，期限在2至10年之间.

信任

受托人为了自己或受益人的利益而拥有和控制财产的手段.

生活的信任

Established during the lifetime of the person who created it.

遗嘱信托

Created by a will; t在这里fore, comes into existence after a person's death.

向未成年人统一转让法案

监护人:大多数州颁布的法律，允许成年人(监护人)为未成年人的专属利益而拥有财产. 按照保管人的指示, 当他或她达到州UGMA/UTMA法规规定的年龄时，对UGMA/UTMA帐户中的资金的控制权自动转移给受益人.

变额年金

人寿pp王者电子官网年金合同，向持有人提供未来的付款，通常在退休时. Payment size depends on the performance of the portfolio's 证券.

将

Legally enforceable declaration directing the disposal of a deceased person's probate property.